The 38-year-old actress showed off her slender figure and long legs during a cabaret-style routine with show regular Lea Michele.
After stripping off long coats to reveal red leotards with fringing detail, the pair performed a sassy version of Nowadays, from hit musical Chicago.
They used matching fedora hats and fake rifles as props while dancing – and shimmying – energetically on stage.
Paltrow, who sang at the Country Music Awards earlier this month, played substitute Spanish teacher Holly Holiday for her Glee role.
The eccentric supply teacher was called in to take Will's (Matthew Morrison's) place after he came down with flu.
At first Will's job appeared under threat, as Holly impressed students by singing Cee Lo Green's Forget You, and bonded with sharp-tongued Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch).
But the pair eventually joined forces and ended the show with an impressive mash-up of Umbrella and Singin' in the Rain.